An honest confession from a Moldovan who earns millions in Russia: “I have to bribe police officers and officials.” Interview with Denis Kurkov: There is no business without risk

215 minutes.

By the way, in the previous case (sequential arrangement) you don’t need two workers at all; all the work can be done by one (if you give him all the tools and train him). But in order not to fire them, but to engage them, you can do the following:

This - unit flow ( ) . The first worker works on the yellow field (always performs operation A), but immediately, without waiting, passes the part on, rather than doing all ten to pass them all together. The second worker works on the blue field (always performs operation B), and immediately passes the parts to the next one. The third worker completes the part in operation B as soon as it falls into his hands.

Well, what if we optimize even more? What else can you do here?

Now try to think what else can be done to reduce the time it takes to produce 10 parts.

My version is under the spoiler.

My solution is under the spoiler.

Don't open the spoiler, first try to solve the problem and name the time in which you can make 10 parts!

What if you just need a flow of single products? To receive finished units as early as possible! What will be the production time for 10 parts in this case?

What if new tools are too expensive and you can’t afford to buy 3 sets for each worker? You can only buy one particular tool. One has only one pliers, the second has only one screwdriver, the third has a hammer. And there is nothing else, only 3 items for three. And you can buy another item similar to one of these three. Which one should you buy and what will the production time be in this case, if you decide that each of the workers knows how to use it, and therefore can pass it on to each other?

- Hello! I heard that you are the best production management specialist in the world. I need to produce 10 launch vehicles in the most cost-effective way. My production director organized everything like this:

I rented a production building with 3 workshops. At the first stage, work takes place only in the first workshop, where operation A is performed for all ten rocket elements. The other two workshops are standing still. When the work in the first workshop is completed, it stops. The blanks from the first workshop are transported to the second workshop, and the second stage begins for all ten rocket elements. Further, work in the second workshop stops. All elements are transported to the third workshop, where the last operation is performed.

• Operation A = 10 days,


• Operation B = 20 days,


• Operation B = 5 days.

All money is credit. They are charged at 20% per annum. Each rocket costs $1,000,000. The raw materials for each rocket cost $500,000. The rocket can be sold as soon as it is produced. The rent for the production building costs $50,000 per month. Therefore, it is beneficial for us to release him as quickly as possible. The agreement was drawn up in such a way that we can only vacate all 3 workshops. Sublease is not permitted by the agreement.

We already had 3 pieces of production equipment and a set of equipment for it (1 for operation A, 1 for operation B and 1 for operation C), and each of the workshops is now equipped with one piece of equipment and one exclusive set of equipment. Each new piece of equipment costs $100,000.

Transporting an element from workshop to workshop costs $1000, no matter how many elements we transport at one time. Therefore, it is more profitable to transport in large quantities. But if the elements are transported simultaneously, but between different workshops, then this already divides the cargo into lots, and you will have to pay for transportation in a multiple of the number of lots. Transportation within the workshop is free of charge. The shipment is carried out by pick-up, so it is also free.

To change tooling on our high-tech production equipment, we are forced to hire a third-party company and pay them $1,000 for each changeover. Fortunately, they do their job very quickly.

My production director says that he has already set everything up in the best possible way because his production method minimizes transportation and completely eliminates changeovers.

Which production model should I use to earn the maximum amount of money? And what will be the amount?

You can write your answers and solutions in the comments.

Whatever answer you get, it does not prove the advantages of one or another production model for all situations. The advantage of a particular system depends on the initial parameters, which can be adjusted to the advantage of any of the systems. Therefore, you need to be able to choose the appropriate system in each specific case, or come up with your own.

According to the results of the first quarter of 2017, Moldova took 8th place among the CIS countries with an indicator of 97 million dollars. These data were provided by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. But these are official data; in reality, the amounts may be much higher.

It is not known for certain how many migrant workers work in Russia without registration and employment, and in what volumes the “cash” earned by migrants and not accounted for anywhere is exported outside the country. This money will never return to the country's economy. The visa-free regime for CIS citizens has a number of restrictions, but they are offset by the openness of borders, especially automobile borders, and formal control. This can be seen from the words of an entrepreneur from Moldova, who, on condition of anonymity, spoke about how much he earns illegally in Russia, reports "".

History of success?

Denis T. is 30 years old. He was born and raised in a small village in the suburbs of Chisinau. He dropped out of school in high school and began earning money on repairs and construction projects to feed his family. Then he was engaged in transporting meat from neighboring Ukraine. In 2010, an acquaintance suggested investing in the purchase of a bus and organizing a flight to Moscow - taking fellow citizens to work and back, plus delivering correspondence and parcels. Two years later, Denis decided to engage in transportation on his own. The accumulated money was enough to buy my own minibus, and the established customer base allowed me to earn money from the very first trip.

The minibus makes two trips a week. There are two drivers working on the route - Denis himself and an acquaintance he hired. One-way revenue varies from 40 to 100 thousand rubles. About 500 thousand a month comes out. Minus gasoline, maintenance and repair of the minibus (the route passes through the territory of Ukraine, often off-road - repairs are required after almost every trip), as well as the salary of the second driver (25 thousand rubles) - the rest remains on hand .

Denis estimates his monthly earnings from transportation at approximately 350-400 thousand rubles. On the eve of the holidays you can earn more. For example, one flight at the end of December 2016 brought in more than 200 thousand.

Denis's former partner continues to work on the same route and also makes two flights weekly. Denis says: in order to ensure customer loyalty, he picks them up directly from their homes and delivers them to their place of work in Moscow - his former partner does not offer such conditions. In total, according to his estimates, at least 10-15 minibuses arrive in the Russian capital from different parts of Moldova with varying regularity. But there is no serious competition between them - there are enough passengers and correspondence for all carriers.

Without a registered legal entity, but with a solid income

Denis does not have a registered legal entity either in Russia or in Moldova. But he regularly pays bribes - he calls them “taxes.” Only traffic policemen are “paid” 2-3 thousand rubles for one trip. A Russian police officer agrees to release a minibus without inspection and checking the documents of passengers for an average of 500 rubles, in Ukraine and Moldova - for 250 rubles. He has known many police officers for many years.

In Moldova, Denis has to pay extra to local officials: he does not name the amounts, but says that they are “not critical.” In Russia, no one approached him with questions about illegal transportation.

In addition to transportation, Denis is engaged in renovations of apartments and cottages in Moscow and the immediate Moscow region. This direction is “supervised” by his wife, who mastered the basics of finishing work in her homeland.

Denis got into repairs by accident. In the days between flights, I looked for part-time work and contracted to remove construction waste in my minibus. The customers were, as a rule, his compatriots. They hired him to work at several sites as an electrician. Having formed his own team, Denis submitted advertisements to several newspapers near Moscow - and this is how he received his first customers. Then word of mouth began to work.

Unlike transportation, the fall in the ruble exchange rate at the end of 2014 seriously hit the repair business. The number of orders has been halved - now Denis’s team is simultaneously working on two or three sites per month. On average, when renovating an apartment or house of 100 square meters. m manage to earn from 600 thousand rubles. (standard repairs) up to 800 thousand rubles. (“European-quality renovation”). Total about 1.3 million rubles. per month.

Minus the costs of tools, renting a garage for storing equipment and wages for workers (five people, 25 thousand rubles each) - approximately a million remains.

"Russians have begun to take a more careful approach to choosing contractors from Moldova"

The decline in orders was affected not only by the weakening of the ruble. Denis says that Russians have become more attentive when choosing contractors from Moldova. At the height of the crisis, a stream of scammers poured out of this country - the so-called “black brigades”. They act according to one scenario: they gain trust, receive an advance, start working, but after a couple of days they disappear forever. However, Denis assures, Moldovans are always rated higher in the construction market than immigrants from other CIS countries.

Sometimes Denis manages to earn extra money by reselling plumbing fixtures, doors and building materials that the customer deems scrap. If the condition is satisfactory, then he can supply a bath or shower stall to another customer under the guise of a new one, and keep the money allocated for the purchase for himself. “Unliquid” is sold to owners of retail outlets in markets in Moldova.

One day Denis received an order from the owner of a mansion on Rublyovka. The mansion had just been renovated, but it did not satisfy the customer. Denis's team was tasked with dismantling everything - from tiles to chandeliers and cabinets - and renovating it anew, using a different project. Denis took all the finishing materials and furniture to Moldova and furnished his own home.

In 2016, Denis met a farmer who produces homemade wine. He valued his products at 30 rubles. per liter Denis took a 100-liter canister for testing - “for his own” in Moscow. And in one day I sold everything - for 100 rubles. per liter Now he brings 300-400 liters a week, depending on the load on the car, and sells it not only to his compatriots, but also supplies it to some restaurants. Denis sees great potential in this new type of activity.

Thus, according to his calculations, he manages to earn an average of 1.3-1.5 million rubles per month. Most of the earnings are converted into dollars and euros, and the “cash” is sent to Moldova.

In his native village, he purchased land and built a cottage - his two children live in it under the supervision of their grandmother. There are two foreign cars in the garage.

Denis rents a two-room apartment in one of the satellites closest to Moscow. He has no plans to purchase real estate in Russia; Europe attracts him more. He recently applied for citizenship in Romania - his relatives live there. If everything works out, he will soon become a citizen of the European Union and will be able to transfer his business there. But for this you will have to work in Russia in order to save enough money, because in Europe you will have to conduct business “in the dark”. He doesn’t yet know exactly how much money this will require (he admits that he hasn’t calculated it yet), but according to estimates, it’s another five to seven years.

According to the Central Bank, in 2016, $25.8 billion was transferred from Russia to the CIS countries. The top 3 countries, according to the report of the National Rating Agency, included Uzbekistan (158 billion rubles), Tajikistan (111 billion rubles) and Kyrgyzstan (99.6 billion rubles). But these are official data; in reality, the amounts may be much higher.

It is not known for certain how many migrant workers work in Russia without registration and employment, and in what volumes the “cash” earned by migrants and not accounted for anywhere is exported outside the country. This money will never return to the country's economy. The visa-free regime for CIS citizens has a number of restrictions, but they are offset by the openness of borders, especially automobile borders, and formal control. DK.RU was convinced of this after a meeting with an entrepreneur from Moldova, who, on condition of anonymity, spoke about how much he earns illegally in Russia.

Denis T. is 30 years old. He was born and raised in a small village in the suburbs of Chisinau. He dropped out of school in high school and began earning money on repairs and construction projects to feed his family. Then he was engaged in transporting meat from neighboring Ukraine. In 2010, an acquaintance suggested investing in the purchase of a bus and organizing a flight to Moscow - taking fellow citizens to work and back, plus delivering correspondence and parcels. Two years later, Denis decided to engage in transportation on his own. The accumulated money was enough to buy our own minibus, and the established customer base allowed us to earn money from the very first trip.

The minibus makes two trips a week. There are two drivers working on the route - Denis himself and an acquaintance he hired. One-way revenue varies from 40 to 100 thousand rubles. About 500 thousand a month comes out. Minus gasoline, maintenance and repair of the minibus (the route passes through the territory of Ukraine, often off-road - repairs are required after almost every trip), as well as the salary of the second driver (25 thousand rubles) - the rest remains on hand .

Denis estimates his monthly earnings from transportation at approximately 350-400 thousand rubles. On the eve of the holidays you can earn more. For example, one flight at the end of December 2016 brought in more than 200 thousand.

Denis's former partner continues to work on the same route and also makes two flights weekly. Denis says: in order to ensure customer loyalty, he picks them up directly from their homes and delivers them to their place of work in Moscow - his former partner does not offer such conditions. In total, according to his estimates, at least 10-15 minibuses arrive in the Russian capital from different parts of Moldova with varying regularity. But there is no serious competition between them - there are enough passengers and correspondence for all carriers.

Denis does not have a registered legal entity either in Russia or in Moldova. But he regularly pays bribes - he calls them “taxes.” Only traffic policemen are “paid” 2-3 thousand rubles for one trip. A Russian police officer agrees to release a minibus without inspection and checking the documents of passengers for an average of 500 rubles, in Ukraine and Moldova - for 250 rubles. He has known many police officers for many years.

In Moldova, Denis has to pay extra to local officials: he does not name the amounts, but says that they are “not critical.” In Russia, no one approached him with questions about illegal transportation.

In addition to transportation, Denis is engaged in renovations of apartments and cottages in Moscow and the surrounding Moscow region. This direction is “supervised” by his wife, who mastered the basics of finishing work in her homeland.

Denis got into repairs by accident. In the days between flights, I looked for part-time work and contracted to remove construction waste in my minibus. The customers were, as a rule, his compatriots. They hired him to work at several sites as an electrician. Having formed his own team, Denis submitted advertisements to several newspapers near Moscow - and this is how he received his first customers. Then word of mouth began to work.

Unlike transportation, the fall in the ruble exchange rate at the end of 2014 seriously hit the repair business. The number of orders has been halved - now Denis’s team is simultaneously working on two or three sites per month. On average, when renovating an apartment or house of 100 square meters. m manage to earn from 600 thousand rubles. (standard repairs) up to 800 thousand rubles. (“European-quality renovation”). Total about 1.3 million rubles. per month.

Minus the costs of tools, renting a garage for storing equipment and wages for workers (five people, 25 thousand rubles each) - approximately a million remains.

The decline in orders was affected not only by the weakening of the ruble. Denis says that Russians have become more attentive when choosing contractors from Moldova. At the height of the crisis, a stream of scammers poured out of this country - the so-called “black brigades”. They act according to one scenario: they gain trust, receive an advance, start working, but after a couple of days they disappear forever. However, Denis assures, Moldovans are always rated higher than people from other CIS countries.

Sometimes Denis manages to earn extra money by reselling plumbing fixtures, doors and building materials that the customer deems scrap. If the condition is satisfactory, then he can supply a bath or shower stall to another customer under the guise of a new one, and keep the money allocated for the purchase for himself. “Unliquid” is sold to owners of retail outlets in markets in Moldova.

One day Denis received an order from the owner of a mansion on Rublyovka. The mansion had just been renovated, but it did not satisfy the customer. Denis's team was tasked with dismantling everything - from tiles to chandeliers and cabinets - and renovating it anew, using a different project. Denis took all the finishing materials and furniture to Moldova and furnished his own home.

In 2016, Denis met a farmer who produces homemade wine. He valued his products at 30 rubles. per liter Denis took a 100-liter canister for testing - “for his own” in Moscow. And in one day I sold everything - for 100 rubles. per liter Now he brings 300-400 liters a week, depending on the load on the car, and sells it not only to his compatriots, but also supplies it to some restaurants. Denis sees great potential in this new type of activity.

Thus, according to his calculations, he manages to earn an average of 1.3-1.5 million rubles per month. Most of the earnings are converted into dollars and euros, and the “cash” is sent to Moldova.

In his native village, he purchased land and built a cottage - his two children live in it under the supervision of their grandmother. There are two foreign cars in the garage.

Denis rents a two-room apartment in one of the satellites closest to Moscow. He has no plans to purchase real estate in Russia; Europe attracts him more. He recently applied for citizenship in Romania - his relatives live there. If everything works out, he will soon become a citizen of the European Union and will be able to transfer his business there. But for this you will have to work in Russia in order to save enough money, because in Europe you will have to conduct business “in the dark”. He doesn’t yet know exactly how much money this will require (he admits that he hasn’t calculated it yet), but he estimates it’s another five to seven years.

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| Thursday, November 24, 2016 13:00

The business magazine "Capital" begins a series of articles about companies that are residents of the Kuzbass Technopark. Our goal is simple - to introduce the reader to those representatives of our regional business who are successfully (albeit certainly to varying degrees) developing entrepreneurial activity in difficult times for this activity. They make deals. They produce competitive products. They conduct research that is useful both scientifically and practically (who said that these should not coincide?). They don’t just strive to “stay afloat” - they also have real plans for the future. And all this is worthy of respect. And a separate story.

And to begin with, we will talk about business, albeit a serious one, but also the most pleasant thing. Literally pleasant to the taste. And, moreover, quite exotic.

Straightening, pine trees, trial and error

Making jam is no joke, you need to know and be able to do it. Even if we are talking about “traditional” jam, which we all know, like raspberry or strawberry. But what about jam made from pine cones? Who can do this? It turns out that it is possible, and very much so - just like Kemerovo resident Denis Davydov. Denis has been making this kind of jam (and he also makes jam) since the spring of 2016 - and although his business has only existed for a short time, it is already bringing a stable income to the owner of the Taiga Cache trademark.

The Kemerovo entrepreneur began by collecting raw materials for healing herbal infusions near the village of Uporovka, which is relatively close to Kemerovo. It’s not far, but the places there are already quite remote, the real taiga is nearby. And a lot of pine trees. And pine cones. From which, as Denis knew, delicious jam can be made - this is practiced here in Russia, and in some European countries. So the Kemerovo resident decided to start this business.

Cones are collected only in the spring, so Denis, with the help of several hired workers, stocked up on 500 kilograms of raw materials. Some of them were immediately put into production, some were saved so that production could continue throughout the year. However, “continue” is easy to say; first you have to start it. And this is not as simple as it seems.

“At first I didn’t have an exact recipe, nothing. I won’t lie, I acted by trial and error, tried a lot of options. I cooked it using one technology to try, then a little differently, then a third. But in the end I achieved the desired effect, and now I use this recipe.”

Secret recipe, healing properties

Denis, however, did not reveal his recipe in detail - it is a trade secret, a company secret. But we can say that the “output” is jam with the same traditional, but at the same time unusual taste, a color reminiscent of raspberry, but a little lighter. The color, by the way, comes from the resin - it itself is boiled down during the preparation process, but it still affects the final product. But the cones do not disappear anywhere, but become part of the jam - they become soft and edible.

This, says Denis, is also conceptual - some other manufacturers have darker jam, and the cones are not visible in it, which is not very good from a marketing point of view. Why? Yes, because jars of unusual jam are often bought as souvenir gifts - and what kind of souvenir is this when the most original thing in it is not noticeable.

“The lump should be visible, it’s all about it. Therefore, the color of the jam is also not random. It’s clear that it’s too early for me to talk about the seasonality of sales, I’ve been working for less than a year, but I can already say: on the eve of the New Year, there have been noticeably more orders, due to the fact that my jam is used as a “souvenir” in gift sets.”

But Denis mainly sells his products through the Kalina-Malina chain of stores, as well as through health food outlets. The latter is no coincidence, because pine cone jam, according to the Kemerovo resident, has numerous healing properties - mainly helps with respiratory diseases, as well as stomach ulcers and diseases of the cardiovascular system. True, you don’t need to overdo it with the treatment either - you definitely shouldn’t eat jam in barrels like Malchish-Plokhish, it’s better to limit yourself to a few spoons a day. Well, this is understandable, with honey, for example, the situation is approximately the same.

Cluster, Prodexpo, prospects

But there are now enough honey producers in Kuzbass, but besides Denis, it seems that only one other entrepreneur makes such jam. But in general, the Kemerovo resident says, he does not insist on his exclusivity - in the event of some profitable offers, he is ready to unite with colleagues under a single brand. For example, if we are talking about serious supplies abroad - as is the case with the same “honey cakes”.

Such opportunities may become a reality in the future thanks to participation in the agro-industrial cluster of the Kemerovo region, for which the Kuzbass Technopark is now responsible. Participation in the cluster has already helped products under the Taiga Cache brand pass mandatory certification - now you can work throughout Russia (which Denis does, finding buyers for his jam from Moscow to Khabarovsk) and in the countries of the Customs Union. The Kemerovo businessman also does not rule out entering more “global” markets, and he has development plans.

“Cluster cooperation certainly makes sense - from assistance in obtaining certification to specific business promotion. Especially when you are a young entrepreneur without much experience and free working capital. For example, it would be great to gather cluster members and go to some major exhibition, say, Prodexpo. Here the effect can be significant, it will be possible to enter large markets. What can be achieved through joint efforts.”

So, who knows, one day the day will come when the jam from the cones collected in the village of Uporovka will reach the tables of residents of New York, and even Buenos Aires. They will be surprised. In the meantime, we also have the opportunity to be surprised. Whatever you want, dear citizens, I’ll probably go and buy a jar or two. The New Year is just around the corner, so it’s time to think about gifts.